natural river valley is one of the most valuable natural areas and one of the best, most
ecological corridors. natural valley is irregular, meandering river of varying depth
having sandy islands and sandbars
, slopes of varying gradients, the valley filled with a mosaic of diverse ecosystems that oxbow lakes, wetlands and riparian forests
.
As a result of heavy rains or melting snow, take the river, so it was always, but the size of the losses is the result of improper management człowieka.To person ages "ujarzmiał" water,
would thus gain the living space. With the development of science
evolved different ways of "gaining" areas for development and flood protection systems.
most frequent mistake made in the history of flood protection was the belief that a river flowing sometimes many beds can be forced into in a narrow channel and of the area between,
not allowing it to sprawl in the valley. To this end, flatten the river, cut off meanders and oxbow lakes
, riparian forests, logging, concrete edges, shafts were built close to river beds.
As a result, the huge losses caused to the ecosystems and river nadrzeczach failed to reduce the risk of flood disasters.
In areas where few decades ago were not allowed to build - it was the floodplains, now in the river valleys located close to the buildings.
Even lying in the depressed areas in relation to the river are considered as safe land for construction.
planners and strategists have apparently forgotten that
natural feature of rivers is the periodic occurrence great waters of floodplains.
traditional flood protection system of raising outflow from the affected area
, increases the risk of flooding in low lying parts of the river and its tributaries. Increasing the velocity causes the embankment at the time of the disaster, the pressure wave
are often interrupted. Traditional methods have highlighted the vulnerability of hydro-technical measures used
flood protection .. Neither
regulated rivers, nor the huge reservoirs, rivers or embankments powerful,
or paved channels did not protect land from flooding.
selection of flood protection solutions must be based on economic considerations,
in which priority should be to human life, not less, however, must take into account the value of the natural environment.
Can you limit losses posed by water element, while maintaining the natural values?
compromise approach is to work with environmentalists and hydrotechnikami common search methods and approaches that can serve both flood protection and nature conservation
, the technical solutions while taking into account the value of the environment.
traditional technical measures are permitted only in order to protect urban areas and areas
priority protection sites. limiting housing development in regions with flood water is the most effective action aimed at minimizing flood damage, especially damage to property and human life.
probability of flooding can significantly reduce the slowing water flow by freely
shape of the shoreline, restoring floodplain
by restoring wet meadows, wetlands, sedges, preservation of forests and riparian scrub, and
shaft offset from the river beds.
Implementation of environmentally friendly strategy to protect against flooding are:
- the reserve of flood in artificial reservoirs
- to facilitate the percolation of rainwater into the ground through it uncoated concrete, asphalt
- non-adjustment and straightening of rivers
- to protect and restore wetlands and wetlands, riparian forests and oxbow lakes
- ; increasing the capacity of river valleys, by moving the shaft trays
- renaturalization
watercourses - to discourage building on flood plains
- strict compliance with the ban on burning grass
- Abolition of the wild dumps rubbish, especially near rivers
location of buildings should be at a distance from the river more than the most recent maps of flooded areas
floodplains should be prepared for the extent of water for at least a hundred-year flood, for the designation of zones zagrożenia.Na the map ; range of water, its depth and even the speed of specialists are able to designate a zone of completely non-restricted zone of buildings and construction of special technical requirements.
obligatory to designate areas in which
disposal area rivers. Please note that the performance of necessary work in the river valleys may be conducted during the
birds outside the breeding season is between August and March.
